How Does a Propane Heater Work?
A simple propane torch that is lit with a match will produce heat but since that’s not its primary purpose the torch is not an efficient heater.
Introduction
A number of features are incorporated into a propane heater that direct the flame into a more efficient pattern for heating purposes and make the heater more convenient to use.
Fuel
Propane is a clean-burning and efficient heating fuel. It is normally a gas but is compressed into a liquid for use in heaters and grills. Commercial propane is a designation based on grades, and the fuel we call propane includes other compounds, like propylene and butane. But the majority of the overall composition is propane, a hydrocarbon with a chemical formula of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
Igniter
Many propane heaters employ a so-called piezoelectric igniter. A material, often quartz crystal, that has the property of developing an electrical potential when pressure is applied is housed in a mechanism that allows a spring-loaded hammer to strike. This action generates a spark, igniting the propane.
Element
Propane heaters feature some sort of an element, often porcelain, that spreads the flame out in a pattern and helps to distribute the fuel’s heat.
Pilot
A pilot light is a small flame that uses very little fuel and is designed to burn more or less continuously. Its purpose is to be ready to light the main burner relatively quickly rather than having to light the heater from scratch with the igniter each time.
Control
Some means of regulating temperature is a desirable feature in a heater. An automatic thermostat is a standard way of achieving this and some of the more sophisticated heaters may have a thermostat while others may simply have a manual flame control of high and low with a range in between.
Safety
Burning propane—or other combustible materials for that matter—in small enclosed spaces can present a carbon monoxide hazard. Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion. It is odorless and it competes with oxygen in the blood, depriving the brain and other parts of the body of oxygen. Some propane heaters are approved for use inside a dwelling and some are not. In addition to a carbon monoxide hazard, propane has another characteristic that warrants caution. Since propane is heavier than air, if there’s a leak, propane will sink to floor level and pool there. If there happens to be an ignition source, such as the pilot light to a water heater, there is a serious risk of a fire or explosion.
The Drip Cap
- A simple propane torch that is lit with a match will produce heat but since that’s not its primary purpose the torch is not an efficient heater.
- Propane is a clean-burning and efficient heating fuel.
- But the majority of the overall composition is propane, a hydrocarbon with a chemical formula of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
- Propane heaters feature some sort of an element, often porcelain, that spreads the flame out in a pattern and helps to distribute the fuel’s heat.
Writer Bio
Donald Miller has a background in natural history, environmental work and conservation. His writing credits include feature articles in major national print magazines and newspapers, including "American Forests" and a nature column for "Boys' Life Magazine." Miller holds a Bachelor of Science in natural resources conservation.
More Articles
