According to the Department of Entomology at North Carolina State University, dust mite allergies cause severe respiratory problems on their own and using a spray to kill them can increase the risk of further respiratory issues. Most dust mite problems can be controlled without professional assistance, but severe allergies or infestations may require an exterminator's help.
Acaricidal Sprays
Acaricides are insecticides that target mites and related insects. When looking for a commercial acaricide, be sure you purchase one that is appropriate for indoor use. Insecticides containing permethrin are among the most effective acaricides for house dust mites. Some sprays may advise staying out of the sprayed area for a period of time. Read the instructions carefully and keep the spray away from children and pets.
Essential Oil Sprays
Researchers at Alexandria University in Egypt determined that some essential oils were effective at killing dust mites. Clove and eucalyptus oils were among the most effective, and clove was found to have exponential effects at keeping dust mites at bay. You can make your own essential oil spray for dust mites by adding 15 to 20 drops of eucalyptus or clove oil to 1 qt. water in a spray bottle. Spray all of your soft furnishings and bedding thoroughly and allow the spray to sit for at least two hours.
Environmental Modifications
Vacuum often, especially in bedrooms, with a vacuum cleaner that has a HEPA filter. Vacuum mattresses and upholstered surfaces regularly. Also, wash all of your bedding weekly in hot water. Washing removes some of the dust mites and their debris, but the hot water actually kills them. Replace air filters monthly and reduce the humidity in your home with a dehumidifier. Plastic pillow cases and mattress covers help to keep dust mites away from you.